- Both sick and healthy infants and young children are exposed to multiple painful procedures during hospitalization and early childhood immunizations.
- Young children lack understanding and coping skills and often exhibit high levels of pain, distress and fear.
- Consistent effective management of pain caused by needles has the potential to reduce subsequent fear of medical care.
- Strategies are available to reduce pain and distress associated with immunization in infants and children.
Clinical Management
Assessment and Management of Pain - 3rd Edition
Point of Care Resources