Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario

Levels of Evidence

Ia Evidence obtained from meta-analysis or systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials
Ib Evidence obtained from at least one randomized controlled trial.
IIa Evidence obtained from at least one well-designed controlled study without randomization.
IIb Evidence obtained from at least one other type of well-designed quasi-experimental study, without randomization.
III Evidence obtained from well-designed non-experimental descriptive studies, such as comparative studies, correlation studies, and case studies.
IV Evidence obtained from expert committee reports, opinions, and/or clinical experiences of respected authorities.

Adapted from “Sign grading system 1999-2012,” by the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN), 2012, in SIGN 50: A Guideline Developer’s Handbook. Available from http://www.sign.ac.uk/guidelines/fulltext/50/index.html 

Women and Children
Primary Prevention of Childhood Obesity
Practice Recommendations