Modifiable:
• Blood & Coagulation disorders
• Diabetes Mellitus
• Drug and Alcohol Abuse
• Heart disease (e.g. Atrial Fibrillation, Coronary Artery Disease, MI, valvular disease)
• High blood cholesterol (hyperlipidemia)
• *High blood pressure (hypertension)
• Hormone therapy:
- Oral contraceptive use
- Post menopause hormone replacement therapy
• Obesity:
- Healthy waist circumference: Men - Europid: < 102 cm (40”) MEN - Chinese or South Asian: < 90 cm (35”) Women - Europid: <88 cm (35”) Women - Chinese or South Asian: 80 cm (32”) BMI: Body weight greater than ideal range (which is 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m²)
• Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OBS)
• Physical inactivity
• Sedentary lifestyle
• Smoking
• Stress
• Vascular Disease, Carotid Stenosis
*This is number one risk factor for stroke
Non- Modifiable:
• Age
• Ethnicity: Canadians of First Nations, African or South Asian descent
• Family History
• Gender
• Heredity
• Previous Stroke
• Previous TIA
Probable
• Congenital cardiac anomalies
• Elevated homocysteine levels
• Inflammation & Infection
• Metabolic Syndrome
• Migraine headache
• Sympathomimetic agents