Registered Nurses' Association of Ontario

Levels of Evidence

Ia

Evidence obtained from meta-analysis or systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials.

Ib

Evidence obtained from at least one randomized controlled trial.

IIa

Evidence obtained from at least one well-designed controlled study without randomization.

IIb

Evidence obtained from at least one other type of well-designed quasi-experimental study, without randomization.

III

Evidence obtained from well-designed non-experimental descriptive studies, such as comparative studies, correlation studies and case studies.

IV

Evidence obtained from expert committee reports or opinions and/or clinical experiences of respected authorities.

Adapted from the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network [SIGN], 2011) and Pati (2011).

Clinical Management
Assessment and Management of Pressure Injuries for the Interprofessional Team, Third Edition
Practice Recommendations