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Protective Conditions
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Risk Conditions
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Societal/Structural:
- Interventions that address income security, income inequalities, fair employment and decent work, social safety nets, healthy equity in systems, programs and policies, financing to address the social determinants of health and social inclusion.
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Societal/Structural:
- The inequitable societal structures that perpetuate poverty in marginalized populations compared to others (e.g. Aboriginal people, stigmatized people, new immigrants, people with disabilities etc.
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Obesogenic:
- Parents/primary caregivers are role models. They shape children’s eating and physical activity behaviours
- Development, promotion and implementation of comprehensive and enforceable healthy public policies that impact healthy eating and physical activity in all settings where children gather (e.g. daycare, schools, built environment)
- Interventions that target children’s screen time, physical activity and healthy eating in the home, preschool and elementary-school settings
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Obesogenic:
- Pressures related to school, work, and family obligations that create time constraints
- The inability to access and afford healthy meals (lower-income families)
- Marketing of unhealthy foods and beverages;
- Lack of public policies to ensure healthy eating in child-care centres and schools
- Parents/primary caregivers who use vehicles, as opposed to walking, as a preferred means of transportation for their family
- An increasing amount of time in front of screens
- Non-existent or insufficiently integrated physical activity in schools and other child-care settings
- Lower-income neighbourhoods which are less likely to be designed to support physical activity
- Safety concerns which may deter individuals from engaging in healthy outdoor activities
- Play areas that may not be accessible to all children, especially those with mobility limitations
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Individual-level Conditions:
- Exclusive breastfeeding for six months following birth is supportive of childhood health and may be positively associated with healthy childhood weights
- Interventions for the primary prevention of obesity that address sleep, mental health and pre-natal/preconception did not emerge as being effective in our systematic review, and may be due to the limitations of current evidence. However, the expert panel fully supports their importance in child health.
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Individual-level:
- Genetics and human physiology may place children at risk for unhealthy childhood weights
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